WAV file format contains audio sample data and optionally meta-data that describe the offsets of sample loops and cue points. The loop offsets are used by sampler software to generate a continuous sound, and the cue points mark the point in the sample data where the sound fades away after the note has been released. A WAV file "smpl" chunk will identify the byte sample offset of the start and end of the loop in the sound data. Using wavplay.b as a starting point I tried to loop a sampled sound. My sample data comes from Virtual Organ software GrandOrgue and the sample sets created for it. In this case I'm using the Burea Funeral Chapel sample set. My first test was simply to treat the sample as-is and loop the sound using the given offsets. This did not give good results with a notable noise as the data from the end of the sample joined with the beginning. I realized nearing the end of writing this post that the mistake I made was treating the offsets as counts of
I've been occupied recently with archiving my digital media. I've been copying home videos on DV tapes to hard-disk, ripping audio CD's to WAV files, gathering photo collections, and trying to copy documents from Iomega disks, floppies, and my dusty old Acorn RiscPC. The plan is to have a copy of this data to give to each of my children. My Dad recently scanned and sent me all his photographs of me and my siblings growing up; he also included pictures of himself and my Mother when they met in Africa. With technology today each generation can build a digital library of family history to hand on to the next generation. In the past a family album may have been passed on to only one person. The accumulation of digital data still presents problems. It requires discipline to store files that are open and not locked into devices or proprietary formats. With digital preservation in mind I've tried to use file formats recommended for long term archiving. WAV files for audio, D
How is culture relevant to the training of artificial intelligence? A guess about the origin of human level intelligence is that it was mutually arising with complex society and culture, that is, with the origin and evolution of memes (Dawkins). Culture is composed of memes which are replicated by the two step process of being (1) recreated within a mind and then (2) enacted as some observable trait; creativity being necessary to reverse engineer the latent content of a meme, its meaning, in or order to accurately output the observable trait (Deutsch). A human using creativity serves memes as a kind of “meme machine” by making high fidelity copies of cultural artifacts or traits such as manners, rituals, totems, and tools (Blackmore). The complexity of cultural artifacts has grown exponentially from stone tools to space telescopes. Culture is a deep library of memes carrying objective knowledge. That knowledge contains within it truth about the world, while also being riddled with err
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